There are main different Distributions of Linux, different manufactures apply linux in different ways, each person thinks that linux should work in a different manner.
This is the list of most if not all of the distributions (in alphabetical order), bit by bit I will add an explanation, what each one is for and or there speciality,
The Most popular distributions are (in alphabetical order): - help
The Debian Project is an association of individuals who have made common cause to create a free operating system. This operating system that we have created is called Debian GNU/Linux, or simply Debian for short.
Fedora is a Linux-based operating system that showcases the latest in free and open source software. Fedora is always free for anyone to use, modify, and distribute. It is built by people across the globe who work together as a community: the Fedora Project. The Fedora Project is open and anyone is welcome to join.
We produce Gentoo Linux, a special flavor of Linux that can be automatically optimized and customized for just about any application or need. Extreme performance, configurability and a top-notch user and developer community are all hallmarks of the Gentoo experience.
Mandriva has developed a range of integrated products and services for companies and the public sector. This complete offer allows organisations to consider adopting Linux and Free Software in order to make substantial savings whilst improving the performance of their IT infrastructures.
SUSE Linux Enterprise 11 is the most interoperable platform for mission-critical computing - both physical and virtual - from the desktop to the data center.
Ubuntu is an age-old African term for humaneness - for caring, sharing and being in harmony with all of creation. As an ideal, it promotes co-operation between individuals, cultures and nations.
The Official Release of Slackware Linux by Patrick Volkerding is an advanced Linux operating system, designed with the twin goals of ease of use and stability as top priorities. Including the latest popular software while retaining a sense of tradition, providing simplicity and ease of use alongside flexibility and power, Slackware brings the best of all worlds to the table.
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Debian
Fedora
Gentoo
Mandriva
SUSE
Ubuntu
Slackware